Silicotuberculosis – An Updated Overview

Abstract

Purpose of Review: This review focusses on the burden of the problem of silicotuberculosis, clinical scenario and challenges encountered in its management.
Recent Findings: In accordance to the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), approximately 3.0 million workers are at high risk of silica exposure; of these, 1.7 million work in mining or quarrying activities, 0.6 million in non-metallic product manufacturing (such as refractory products, structural clay, glass, and mica), and 0.7 million in the metals industry. In addition, over 5.3 million construction workers are in danger of silica exposure. Because of differences in silica concentrations and duration of exposure in the workplace, the reported prevalence of silicosis and silico-TB in India varies greatly.
Summary: Silicotuberculosis, a condition where tuberculosis develops as a complication of silicosis, underscores a critical public health concern, particularly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries where prolonged exposure to crystalline silica particles is widespread. This exposure heightens the vulnerability of workers to tuberculosis infection, exacerbating the already substantial burden of both diseases. Management of silicotuberculosis involves a multifaceted approach. These strategies include controlling silica dust exposure, ensuring continuous TB treatment, implementing occupational health management by professionals and policy making by the government.