Tuberculosis and Pregnancy: Present Status

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, particularly in pregnant women, where it poses serious risks to both maternal and fetal health. The physiological and immunological changes during pregnancy can alter TB presentation, leading to delayed diagnosis and increased complications. This review explores the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic challenges of TB in pregnancy. Special emphasis is placed on the safety and efficacy of anti-tubercular therapy (ATT), drug interactions, and potential teratogenic effects. We also discuss the impact of TB on pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth, low birth weight, and perinatal transmission. Management strategies, including screening protocols, and treatment modifications, are reviewed in light of current guidelines. Given the rising burden of TB in endemic regions, a multidisciplinary approach involving obstetricians, pulmonologists, and infectious disease specialists is essential to ensure optimal maternal and fetal outcomes.